Current and previous results should be compared to identify any abo discrepancy. Present blood sample taken 3 weeks after the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy possibility of a blood group substance inhibited the reaction with antia antiserum 48 yearold woman recently admitted for abdominal pain ct showed ulcer and mass in the stomach, invading into adrenal gland bx. Abo blood group system an overview sciencedirect topics. Transfusion medicine quality manual standard operating. Blood group serology goubran 2009 isbt science series. Since production of abo antigens is genetically controlled, they are less vulnerable toproblems than does the production ofabo antibodies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Nov 24, 2017 blood grouping test is very important for every individual to help know his blood group and rhtype, some of the combinations of blood group types that are compatible, the blood type of a person can be determined in a few minutes with this test. Oct 06, 2018 principle of abo and rhesus blood group. Discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. He was diagnosed with acute anemia of unknown origin when his cbc revealed a hemoglobin of 4. When red blood cells carrying either one or both antigens are exposed to corresponding antibodies leading to an interaction with each other to form visible agglutination or clumping.
Abo discrepancies essentials with nicole draper blood. History karl landsteiner discovered the abo blood group system in 1901 he and his five coworkers began mixing each others red cells and serum together and inadvertently performed the first forward and reverse abo groupings 3. Leukemia and other malignancies may weaken antigen reactions. Discrepancy in abo blood grouping in a blood donor. Abo blood group discrepancies among blood donors in regional blood transfusion centre gtb hospital, delhi, india. In ba phenotype, an autosomal dominant phenotype, there is a weak a expression on group b rbcs. Most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. Recognizing and resolving abo discrepancies exeley.
Abo discrepancy takes on many forms, and acquired b is a great, if not terribly common, example. Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping taseer ahmed khan. Abo grouping is the most important and probably the most frequently performed procedure in the blood bank. She teaches three simple rules that will get you on the road to solving most of these cases quickly.
Describe how an abo discrepancy would be recognized. Guidance manual abo and rh blood grouping document id no. Aug 01, 2018 most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. Antibodies isohemagglutinins in an individuals plasma are directed against blood group antigens that their own rbcs.
Persons may thus have type a, type b, type o, or type ab blood. Twentyeight blood group discrepancies were observed in 44 425 blood groups tested during the study period, thus giving an overall frequency of 0. Which marked beginning of modern blood banking and transfusion medicine. Across the 30 blood groups, over 600 different blood group antigens have been found, but many of these are very rare or are mainly found in certain ethnic groups. Most of these mislabeling mistakes 38 came from the obstetrics and gynecology ward and delivery room, where the stress and workload in these areas can be very heavy.
Although evaluation of abo discrepancies is beyond the scope of this course, it is important to note that all abo discrepancies must be resolved before blood products can be released for. Jan 29, 20 importance it is important to recognize discrepant results and how to resolve them the abo system is the most important blood group system in relation to transfusions misinterpreting abo discrepancies could be life threatening to patients 3. Here, we report a subgroup of blood group typeb in the abo system. Feb 04, 2017 abo blood grouping is performed on all donors and transfusion recipients and are by far, the most frequently performed tests in the faculty of transfusion medicine. Genomic analysis of clinical samples with serologic abo blood. An abo discrepancy exists when the result of an abo rbc typing, or forward type, does not agree with the result of the plasma typing, or reverse type. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Clinical guide to aboincompatible allogeneic stem cell. Abo discrepancies can present themselves as a front type problem, reverse type problem, or combination of both.
The abo and rh blood grouping system is based on haemagglutination reaction. Abo grouping is a test performed to determine an individuals blood type. Donors blood was analyzed by employing commercial antisera for blood grouping. Explain what must be done when a discrepancy arises in a blood donor. Oct 20, 2012 this blood bank guy video, recorded in december 2011, contains lots of information about the major blood group systems. The forward grouping agrees with the reverse grouping or the fronttype is the same as the backtype, to use blood bankers lingo, and there is no question about what type of blood to give to a patient. Abo blood grouping is performed on all donors and transfusion recipients and are by far, the most frequently performed tests in the faculty of transfusion medicine. When abo testing goes right, as it almost always does, its a very simple process. Therefore we see more problems in reverse grouping.
Hospital confirms donor red cell that is labeled as group o, rh positive. Discrepancy in abo blood grouping mohammad noman khan, taseer ahmed khan and zulfiqar ahmed abstract discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Though not very frequent, blood group discrepancies do occur which must be promptly resolved for safer transfusion practices. A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30 substances on the surface of rbcs, and an individuals blood type is one of the many possible combinations of blood group antigens. Abo discrepancies happen when there is no match in results between forward and reverse grouping cell type and back type. Students learning about the abo blood group system commonly get confused about two unique situations. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Mar 18, 2020 abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens a and b, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. An abo discrepancy exists when the result of an abo rbc typing, or forward type, does not agree with the result of. This likelihood is especially high for blood group o which is the commonest blood group in saudi arabia17. Ad is an 86yearold man brought to the er from an assisted living facility. Group ii discrepancies these discrepancies are due to. A discrepancy in blood group exists when reactions in forward typing fail to match with the reverse typing or when there is no concordance.
Explain what must be done if an abo discrepancy cannot be resolved before the patient requires a transfusion. Depressed ab production or cannot produce the abo ab. Abo blood group discrepancies among blood donors in regional. Background and objectives abo discrepancies occur when the reactions in forward grouping are not corroborative to those in the reverse. This could be due to old age, severe illness, or immunosuppression. Blood group antibodies and their significance in transfusion. Describe two lectins that can be used to aid in correct abo typing. Pdf discrepancy of abo typing in acute leukemia patients. Abo discrepancies can be resolved serologically if properly worked up. It is, in fact, a modified and updated version of the blood groups lecture. Abo discrepancy is any deviation from the expected pattern of red cell antigen grouping with serumgrouping or when the.
A stat type and screen for two units of blood was ordered. An association of blood group o with increased severity of cholera symptoms was found in several studies. Pdf discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Hi everyone and welcome to the blood bank guy essentials podcast, the podcast designed to help you learn the essentials of transfusion medicine. Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping researchgate. Here, we report a donor which showed discrepancy between red blood cells. Given the results of forward and reverse abo typing, correctly interpret the patients abo group and identify patterns of discrepancy. Abo genotyping is a valuable complement to serology for correct determination of donor and patient abo blood group status. Normally b blood group individuals have b antigen on their red blood cell rbc membrane and antia in their serum. Blood group antibodies play an important role in transfusion medicine, both in relation to the practice of blood transfusion and in pregnancy, but not all are clinically significant. This case is an example of an abo discrepancy which was due to a missing antia antibody.
Patients red cell can be typed with anti a1 lectin from dolichos biflorus to determine subgroups of a antigen. Hospital confirms a unit labeled as group a, rh positive. Abo discrepancies group i discrepancies these discrepancies are between forward and reverse grouping due to weak reaction or missing antibodies. List at least 6 technical or clerical errors that may cause abo discrepancies. Describe in detail several causes of abo discrepancies due to the following.
So, it is usually detected as an abo discrepancy during blood group confirmation. This blood bank guy video, recorded in december 2011, contains lots of information about the major blood group systems. The page below is a sample from the labce course abo typing discrepancies. As abo blood grouping is indispensible in blood transfusion service, it is imperative to resolve such discrepancies before transfusion. Blood grouping discrepancies between abo genotype and. Determining the abo group requires both red blood cell rbc antigen typing for a and b forward type and testing for antia and antib in the plasma reverse type. Blood group antibodies and their significance in transfusion medicine joyce poole and geoff daniels the discovery of almost universally present naturally occurring antibodies in blood plasma led to the discovery of the abo blood group system which remains, more than 100 years later, the most important and clinically significant of all blood. Aug 07, 2018 abo grouping is a test performed to determine an individuals blood type. Abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens a and b, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. Abo blood grouping discrepancies in the donor population jain. Given the results of abo typing, correctly identify if a discrepancy exists and if the source is most likely in the forward or reverse type. Learn more about abo typing discrepancies online ce course.
Still, a fur ther study advised which includes molecular techniques, secretor status and family study. Blood group hemolysis transfusion abstract the independent genomic inheritance of the human leukocyte antigen hla and the aboblood group system allows for hlamatched hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation hct to occur in donors who are not matched for abo blood groups. In gel, donor types as group ab, rh positive with a positive rh control. It is based on the premise that individuals have antigens on their red blood cells rbcs that correspond to the four main blood groups. Recommended laboratory procedurestechniques should be followed for the investigation of any discrepancy e.
These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for the blood typing. Abo and rhesus blood grouping principles and result. Abo discrepancies with nicole draper released august 1, 2018 joe. This document may be incorporated into each regional policyprocedure manual. However, occasionally, things dont proceed quite as smoothly, and a dreaded abo discrepancy occurs cue the scary music. Abo blood group associations were investigated in a large number of infectious diseases in early studies. Pdf abo blood group discrepancies among blood donors in. Resolving abo discrepancies by serological workup an. Blood grouping test is very important for every individual to help know his blood group and rhtype, some of the combinations of blood group types that are compatible, the blood type of a person can be determined in a few minutes with this test. Abo discrepancies and their resolution authorstream.